Seiring berkembangnya tingkat peradaban dan juga jumlah penduduk, lalu lintas menjadi semakin padat sehingga kemacetan terjadi hingga pada level yang cukup mengkhawatirkan. Lebih jauh, kelancaran lalu lintas juga turut menentukan perkembangan ekonomi, sosial, pendidikan, dan teknologi di kota tersebut. Kelancaran lalu lintas suatu kota adalah salah satu parameter kinerja dan manajemen pemerintahan setempat. Based on the results of the research it is proven that Improved Simulated Annealing can provide a better solution.Ībstrak Lalu lintas merupakan media yang sangat vital untuk berbagai sarana transportasi darat yang menghubungkan berbagai lokasi dan bahkan kota-kota besar. In addition, in this study a comparison will be made between basic simulated annealing and also improved simulated annealing.

So, in this study improvisation will be carried out in the form of modifying the simulated annealing method to solve the combinatorial problem so that the optimal distance in the case of distribution will be obtained. The problem belongs to Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) that is considered as one of the complex combinatorial optimization problems included in the NP-Hard Problem category, which is a problem that requires difficult computation and a lot of time along with the increasing size of the problem data. Products must be distributed to customers in different locations and also with varying requests. Product distribution is one of the logistics processes in the industry which consumes the most costs. In the industrial sector, in order to increase the company's competitive profit and ratio, must be able to suppress as much expenditure as possible. The results indicate that the 2EVRP-DF model can provide optimal costs and lower carbon emissions than the common practice. A set of comprehensive computational experiments is conducted. In addition, this study analyzes the environmental impact by adding a component of carbon emissions emitted by the vehicles. In common practice, customers are assumed to go directly to the depot to drop their goods. The results are then compared to those of common practice in reverse logistics. The aim is to find the minimum total costs consisting of vehicle transportation costs and the costs to compensate customers who have to travel to access these intermediary facilities. An optimization model of integer linear programming is proposed, representing a two-echelon vehicle routing problem with a drop box facility (2EVRP-DF).

This study considers a two-echelon distribution system in reverse logistics context with the use of drop box facility as an intermediary facility. A two echelon distribution system is often used to solve logistics problems.

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